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Observance of Passover has taken a number
of forms through history. This evolution is partly seen in the Torah
text itself. It is discussed as a springtime festival, a barley
harvest festival, and a time to bring sacrifices to the Temple in
Jerusalem. Different references to Passover in the Torah as well
as knowledge of other ancient rituals that took place at the same
time of year indicate that there may have been several origins of
the Pesach festival. The ancient Israelites took what was originally
one or more separate Canaanite spring holidays and imbued them with
a heightened significance when they made Pesach a commemoration
of the Exodus from Egypt.
We now view commemoration of the liberation of the Hebrews from
Egyptian bondage as identical to the celebration of the Feast of
Unleavened Bread. In Leviticus (23:5-6), however, there seems to
be a distinction between the two festivals. The "Lord's Passover"
falls at dusk on the 14th day of the first month, Nisan (referred
to in Torah as the month of "Aviv"). The Festival of Unleavened
bread fell on the 15th day of the same month. In Exodus 13:4 and
Deut. 16:1, the New Moon is given as the memorial day for the Exodus.